|
Great Educators of Three Centuries - http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24114916
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
Universal education; literacy; use of native language in teaching and learning; importance of family; and importance of religion and literacy as the purposes and basis for education.
Educational Theory - http://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Luther.html
Luther's Writing online - http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/wittenberg-home.html
Martin Luther Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_luther
John Amos Comenius (1592-1678)
Wrote The Great Didactic and Orbis Pictus; humans born in image of God; advocate of universal education; natural order of education; and important role of sensory experiences.
Comenius Group - http://www.comeniusgroup.com/comenius2.htm
Waldorf Homeschoolers page - http://www.waldorfhomeschoolers.com/comenius.htm
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Comenius
John Locke (1632-1704)
Identified "tabula rasa" or blank tablet view of mind; important role of environment and experiences; and importance of the senses in learning.
History and Timeline - http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/locke.html
Educational Theory - http://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Locke.html
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke
PDF Download - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/lockee.PDF
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
Wrote Emile, the life of a hypothetical child from birth to adolescence; return to nature and a naturalistic approach to education; idea of "unfolding;" basic innate goodness of children; and children develop through experiences with the environment.
Jean Jocke Rousseau on Education - http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-rous.htm
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau
PDF Download - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/rousseaue.PDF
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827)
Back-to-nature concepts; started school at Neuhof and developed ideas of integrating of home life, vocational education, and education for reading and writing; and wrote Leonard and Gertrude, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children and Book for Mothers.
Pestalozzi on Education - http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-pest.htm
PDF Download -http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/pestaloe.PDF
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Environmentalist; believed that by controlling the circumstances and consequent outcomes of child-rearing, a new and more perfect society could be built; and opened an infant school in 1861.
Education and the New Society - http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-owen.htm
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Owen
PDF Download - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel (1782-1852)
Identified as "Father of Kindergarten," developed a curriculum and methodology (gifts and occupations, role of play, rhymes and songs, etc.) and wrote Mother's Songs, Games, and Stories. Developed the “Froebel Gifts”, intricate and beautiful manipulative materials.
Froebel in Infed - http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-froeb.htm
Froebel.com - http://www.friedrichfroebel.com/
Froebel web - http://www.froebelweb.org/images/froebel.html
PDF Download - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/frobele.PDF
Froebel Online Books - http://www.questia.com/popularSearches/friedrich_froebel.jsp
Maria Montessori (1870-1952)
Medical doctor and perceptive observer of young children. Developed the Montessori Method, Philosophy, and Materials; and traveled widely to disseminate ideas of her work. Developed an approach to schooling that focuses on a carefully prepared environment employing self-correcting manipulative materials.
Maria on Infed - http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-mont.htm
NAMTA - http://www.montessori-namta.org/NAMTA/index.html
Critical history -http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/montessori.html
Nienhuis - http://montessori.nienhuis.com/montessori_us_montessori_method~hufej.htm?fluxmenu=m3
PDF Download - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/montesse.PDF
John Dewey (1859-1952)
Was the leader of the progressive education movement, emphasizing the child and his interests, the child-centered curriculum or child-centered school; and wrote several books, including My Pedagogical Creed which set forth his beliefs that education is "a process of living, not a preparation for future living".
Dewey and Education - http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-dewey.htm
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey
Cylibrary - http://dewey.pragmatism.org/
Mega resources - http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/dewey.html
PDF FILE - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/deweye.PDF
Center for Dewey Studies - http://www.siu.edu/~deweyctr/
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Developed a widely-accepted theory of intellectual development, identifying four major stages of intellectual thinking. His writings and ideas have made a major impact on early childhood education programs since the 1960s.
Jean Piaget Society - http://www.piaget.org/aboutPiaget.html
Piaget links - http://elvers.stjoe.udayton.edu/history/people/Piaget.html
Educational Theory - http://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Piaget.html
PDF Download - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/piagete.PDF
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
Constructivist; believed that children's mental, language and social development is supported and enhanced by others through social interaction. Bruner applies the term “scaffolding” to the support that teachers provide their students in the zone of proximal development.
Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky
Educational Theory - http://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Vygotsky.html
PDF Download - http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/vygotske.PDF
Howard Gardner (1943-)
A contemporary theorist who proposes that one unitary intelligence not a good way to describe human intellect. Instead he proposes that there are many different ways in which we demonstrate our intelligence. Encourages the structuring of schooling around authentic learning experiences that include authentic performance-based assessments.
Howard on Infed -http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm
Biography - http://www.pz.harvard.edu/PIs/HG.htm
The PSI Cafe - http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Gardner.htm
Educational Theory - http://www.newfoundations.com/GALLERY/Gardner.html
|
|
